Impact parameter (b) is the perpendicular distance of the velocity vector of the alpha-particle from the central line of nucleus, when the particle is far away from the nucleus.
Class 12 Physics Chapter 12 Atoms Session 2024-2025.
What do you mean by the term impact parameter?
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The impact parameter is the perpendicular distance between the initial trajectory of a particle (or object) and the center of the force field it interacts with. It helps describe scattering processes, indicating how closely a particle approaches the target’s center.
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