NCERT Solution for Class Tenth Science Chapter 3
Metals and Non-metals
CBSE NCERT Book Session-2022-2023
Intext Questions
Page No-53
Questions No-3
What chemical process is used for obtaining a metal from its oxide?
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Metals from its oxide obtained from reduction. Metal oxide is reduced by this process, metal oxides are reduced by using suitable reducing agents such as carbon or by highly reactive metals to displace the metals from their oxides.
Example, On treating zinc oxide with carbon it reduces to metallic zinc.
Manganese dioxide is reduced to manganese when treated with aluminium powder, so aluminium displaces manganese from its oxide.
Oxides of more reactive metals are reduced by electrolysis.
•Metals low in the activity series are very unreactive. The oxides of these metals can be reduced to metals by heating alone.
2HgO(s) → 2Hg(l) + O(g)
•The metals in the middle of the activity series such as iron, zinc, lead, copper, etc., are moderately reactive. These metal oxides are reduced to the corresponding metals by using suitable reducing agents
ZnO(s) + C(s) → Zn(s) + CO(g)
•The metals high up in the reactivity series are very reactive. They are separated from their oxides by electrolysis process.
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The chemical process used for obtaining a metal from its oxide is generally called reduction. Reduction is a reaction in which oxygen is removed from a substance. In the context of obtaining a metal from its oxide, reduction involves the removal of oxygen from the metal oxide, leaving behind the pure metal.
One common method for the reduction of metal oxides is the use of carbon as a reducing agent. The carbon reacts with the oxygen in the metal oxide, forming carbon dioxide and leaving the pure metal. This process is often referred to as smelting.
The general equation for the reduction of a metal oxide with carbon is as follows:
Metal Oxide + Carbon → Metal + Carbon Dioxide
For example, in the extraction of iron from its oxide, iron ore (Fe2O3) is reduced to iron (Fe) using carbon monoxide in a process known as the blast furnace:
Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂
Other reducing agents and methods can also be employed based on the reactivity of the metal and the specific conditions of the extraction process.