Hindustani music, from North India, emphasizes improvisation and slow elaboration. Carnatic music, from South India, has structured compositions with fixed patterns. They use different ragas, talas and performance styles but share the same fundamental swaras.
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Hindustani music focuses on gradual progression with more improvisation, while Carnatic music follows a structured format with pre-set compositions. Hindustani music uses instruments like sitar and tabla, whereas Carnatic music features violin and mridangam. Hindustani ragas evolve slowly, while Carnatic krithis are faster-paced. Despite these differences, both share foundational swaras and ragas, contributing to India’s rich classical heritage.