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The ‘Shadow Zone’ for P-waves exists because of which physical process at the Core-Mantle Boundary (CMB)?
P-waves slow down significantly when entering the liquid outer core from the solid mantle. This sudden velocity drop causes the waves to bend (refract) toward the center of the Earth. This bending creates a “gap” on the surface between 103° and 143° from the epicenter where direct P-waves cannot be recorded. ANSWER: (B) Refraction due to a sharp decrease in velocity
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