The pigment that gives color to human skin is

The pigment that gives color to human skin is (a) Melanin. Melanin is a pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes, which are found in the basal layer of the epidermis. The amount and type of melanin synthesized by melanocytes determine an individual’s skin color, ranging from pale to dark.
Melanin plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. It absorbs UV radiation and dissipates it as heat, thereby reducing the risk of DNA damage and skin cancer.
The distribution and activity of melanocytes can be influenced by factors such as genetics, sun exposure, hormonal changes, and aging, leading to variations in skin color among different populations and individuals.
While rhodopsin (b), idopsin (c), and anthocyanin (d) are all important in various biological processes, they are not directly involved in determining the color of human skin.