Trade winds are caused by the convection of heat on a global scale. At the equator, the intense sun heats the air, causing it to rise. As this air moves up, cooler air from the subtropics flows in along the surface to take its place. This continuous “loop” of rising warm air and sinking cool air creates the steady trade winds. ANSWER: (C) Convection of heat
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Convection is the process where heat is moved by the physical travel of a fluid, like air or water. Because the Earth is hottest at the equator, the air there is constantly being “lifted” by heat. This creates a giant convection current known as the Hadley Cell. The trade winds are the bottom part of this current, where air is being sucked back toward the equator along the ground. This shows students that wind is simply the atmosphere’s way of moving heat around to try and keep the planet’s temperature balanced and stable.
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