The Doldrums, scientifically known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), are located near the equator. This is a region of low pressure where the Northeast and Southeast Trade Winds meet and rise. Because the air movement is primarily vertical rather than horizontal, the surface winds are often extremely weak, calm or non-existent for long periods. ANSWER: (C) Equatorial Low
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In the Doldrums, the intense solar heating at the equator causes air to expand and rise rapidly. This upward movement creates a belt of low pressure characterized by high humidity, frequent afternoon thunderstorms and “sultry” weather. For early sailors, the lack of horizontal wind meant ships could be stranded for weeks. While the air is calm at the surface, the upper atmosphere is highly active as the rising air begins its journey toward the poles as part of the Hadley Cell. The ITCZ also shifts slightly north or south depending on the season.
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