NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civic Chapter 4
Poltical Science Class 10 Civic
Gender, Religion and Caste Chapter 4
Important NCERT Questions Based on new NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
Questions No: 2
State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
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1. Religious Mobilization:
– Example: Festivals or events celebrating religious diversity and harmony, like India’s National Integration Day, aim to foster unity among diverse religious communities without promoting divisiveness.
2. Cultural Celebrations:
– Example: Events promoting cultural diversity and unity, such as cultural festivals where different communities come together to celebrate various traditions, emphasizing inclusivity rather than divisive politics.
3. Development-Based Politics:
– Example: Policies or initiatives focusing on development and welfare for all sections of society, irrespective of religious or ethnic backgrounds, aiming to uplift communities without exploiting divisive identities.
Different forms of communal politics are as given below:
(i) Everyday beliefs: Religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other religions are very common and we often fail to notice them.
(ii) Majoritarian dominance : A majority community tries to dominate other communities in politics. This may compel the minority community to form a separate political unit. For example, in Sri Lanka, majoritarianism has been followed which has resulted in conflict in the country.
(iii) Political mobilisation on religious lines: Religious appeals are made to voters to attract their votes. Sometimes sacred symbols and religious leaders are used to bring the followers of one religion together in the political arena. Religious leaders are asked to propagate in favour of a political party. Emotional appeals are made on the basis of religion. For example, BJP uses its card of Hindutva at the elections to attract Hindu voters. Ram Janambhumi and construction of Ram Temple is another such example.
(iv) Communal violence riots and massacre: Sometimes communalism leads to violence, riots and massacre as it happened at the time of partition in 1947. Even after independence riots on communal lines have taken place as in Gujarat.
Thus, communal politics can take different forms in a country.
Different forms of communal politics:
(a) The expression of communal superiority in everyday beliefs
Militant religious groups are a good example of this.
(b) The desire to form a majoritarian dominance or a separate state
Separatist leaders and political parties in Jammu and Kashmir and Central India are an example of this.
(c) The use of religious symbols and leaders in politics to appeal to the voters
This technique is applied by many politicians to influence voters from the two largest religious communities in the country.
(d) In addition to all this, communal politics can take the form of communal violence and riots, like the riots in Gujarat in 2002.
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