Scientists related to buoyancy are Archimedes (option A). Archimedes, an ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, and engineer, formulated the principle of buoyancy, known as Archimedes’ principle. This principle explains the upward buoyant force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid, providing insights into the behavior of objects in fluids and buoyancy phenomena. Newton, while a renowned physicist, did not directly contribute to the understanding of buoyancy. Louis Pasteur, a famous French biologist and chemist, made significant contributions to microbiology and chemistry but was not specifically related to buoyancy studies. Therefore, the scientist most closely associated with buoyancy is Archimedes, whose principle remains fundamental in various fields, including fluid mechanics, naval architecture, and engineering.