Soil preparation is a crucial step in crop cultivation, involving various activities to create an optimal environment for plant growth. Three key activities in soil preparation include:

1. Plowing: This mechanical process involves turning over the soil using a plow, breaking up compacted layers, and burying crop residues. Plowing helps improve soil aeration, drainage, and facilitates better root penetration.

2. Harrowing: Following plowing, harrowing involves breaking down clods of soil and further smoothing the surface. It helps create a finer seedbed, promoting uniform seed germination and enhancing the contact between seeds and soil for better nutrient absorption.

3. Levelling: Levelling ensures an even surface for planting and irrigation. It involves smoothing the soil to eliminate uneven bumps and depressions, promoting uniform water distribution and facilitating easier crop management.