Name the phenomenon that governs the following: – i) Green beetles living in green bushes are not eaten by the crows. ii) Number of blue beetles in green bushes increases, only because the red beetles living there were trampled by a herd of elephants. iii) No ‘medium height plants’ are obtained in F1 generation, upon crossing pure tall and dwarf pea plants. iv) Tails of mice were surgically removed for several generations; still mice had tails in the following generations. v) A migrant beetle reproduces with the local population; as a result genes of migrant beetle enter the new population.

The phenomena described in each scenario can be explained by different principles in biology. Here are the explanations for each:

i) Camouflage/Mimicry: (Natural selection): The green beetles are not eaten by crows because they blend in with the green bushes, making them difficult for the crows to spot. This is an example of natural selection favoring traits that provide better camouflage or mimicry.

ii) Ecological Succession: (Genetic drift): The increase in the number of blue beetles in green bushes is a consequence of the red beetles being trampled by a herd of elephants. This event leads to a change in the ecological conditions, allowing the blue beetles to thrive in the absence of competition from the red beetles.

iii) Mendelian Inheritance (Law of Dominance) : The absence of ‘medium height plants’ in the F1 generation upon crossing pure tall and dwarf pea plants is explained by Mendel’s law of dominance. In this case, the tall trait is dominant, and the dwarf trait is recessive, resulting in only tall plants in the first generation.

iv) Lamarckian Inheritance: (Acquired characters are not inherited): The persistence of tails in mice even after surgical removal for several generations suggests a Lamarckian inheritance, where acquired traits are passed on to offspring. However, it’s important to note that Lamarckian inheritance is not a widely accepted concept in modern biology.

v) Gene Flow: The migration of beetles and the incorporation of genes from the migrant beetle into the local population exemplify the phenomenon of gene flow. This process contributes to genetic diversity within a population by introducing new alleles from individuals of another population.

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