Marked decline in the thickness of ozone layer was noticed in the 1980s. Which human activity can be held accountable for this change? What is the possible effect of this on human health?

The marked decline in the thickness of the ozone layer, particularly over Antarctica, was primarily attributed to the release of human-made chemicals known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS). These chemicals were commonly used in various industrial and consumer applications, such as refrigeration, air conditioning, aerosol propellants, and foam-blowing agents.

Air pollutants like CFCs caused the depletion of this protective shield. These substances, when released into the stratosphere, are broken down by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. The chlorine and bromine atoms released in this process catalytically destroy ozone molecules and leading to the thinning of the ozone layer.

The human activity can be held accountable for this change which has several potential effects on human health:

1. Increased UV Radiation:
The ozone layer plays a crucial role in absorbing and blocking the majority of the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A thinner ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth’s surface. Increased UV exposure is associated with higher rates of skin cancers, cataracts, and other health issues.
2. Skin Cancer:
Prolonged exposure to increased UV radiation is a major risk factor for skin cancers, including malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. The rise in UV radiation due to ozone depletion contributes to an elevated risk of developing skin cancers.
3. Eye Damage:
Higher levels of UV radiation can lead to eye damage, particularly to the cornea and lens. It may increase the risk of cataracts, which can impair vision and may require surgical intervention.

Many issues of ozone depletion have been undertaken, including the implementation of international agreements such as the Montreal Protocol (1987).