Mahmud Ghaznavi’s first invasion targeted the Hindu Shahi kingdom under Jaipal, which controlled strategic regions between Kabul and Punjab. This area acted as a protective barrier for the Indian plains. Jaipal resisted strongly, but Mahmud’s superior cavalry and tactics ensured victory. After his defeat, Jaipal paid a heavy ransom but prepared for another battle. Mahmud’s repeated attacks eventually weakened the Shahi kingdom, opening the gateway for Turkish expansion. This initial victory was crucial because it allowed Mahmud to use Punjab as a base for his future raids into India’s wealthy temple towns, contributing significantly to his growing power.

ANSWER:

(A) Hindusahi or Brahmansahi