Hindustani music compositions are mainly written in Hindi, Sanskrit and Brijbhasha. Some compositions also exist in Persian and Urdu due to historical influences. Many songs are devotional and based on bhakti and Sufi traditions.
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Hindustani classical music compositions are written in Hindi, Sanskrit and Brijbhasha, with some Persian and Urdu influences from the Mughal era. Dhrupad compositions are mostly in Sanskrit, while khayal and thumri use Hindi or Brijbhasha. Bhajans and ghazals also feature prominently in Hindustani music, blending devotional and poetic themes. The inclusion of multiple languages reflects India’s diverse musical traditions and historical evolution of classical music styles.