In Mughal administration, the Muhtasib was the Officer of Public Morality. Their primary role was to ensure that the general populace adhered to the established norms of Sharia (Islamic law). Their duties included checking weights and measures in markets, ensuring proper conduct and often supervising the prohibition of intoxicants. The correct answer is (D) Officer of Public Morality.
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The Muhtasib was a crucial figure in the Mughal administrative system, designated as the Officer of Public Morality or Censor of Public Manners. Their duty was to enforce the regulations pertaining to public conduct and social ethics, often derived from strict Islamic law, particularly under rulers like Aurangzeb. Their tasks included supervising markets to check weights, preventing gambling and the sale of prohibited items like alcohol and generally ensuring adherence to moral codes, often resulting in them being unpopular among the general public.