If the standardisation ensures the quality of a commodity, why are many goods available in the market without ISI or Agmark certification?

1. Voluntary Nature: Not all products require ISI or Agmark certification. Some manufacturers choose not to get certified, even if their products meet quality standards.

2. Cost and Process: Getting certified can be expensive and involves a detailed process. Small manufacturers might find it costly or complicated.

3. Lack of Awareness: Some sellers don’t know about the benefits of certification or how to get it, so they sell products without certification.

4. Different Standards: Some products follow other valid quality standards that don’t need ISI or Agmark certification.

5. Market Diversity: India has many products and producers, and not all need mandatory certification.

6. Enforcement Challenges: Authorities find it difficult to enforce certification rules for all products due to the huge variety available.

7. Counterfeit Goods: Some uncertified goods might be fake or part of the grey market, where rules are ignored.

In simple terms, while ISI or Agmark certifications ensure quality, not all products have them due to reasons like choice, cost, awareness, different standards, market diversity, enforcement challenges, and counterfeit goods.