Men traditionally performed female roles due to restrictions on women. Costumes, makeup and expressions helped create realistic portrayals. Over time, these limitations faded, allowing women to participate freely in classical and folk dance forms, transforming traditional gender-based performances.
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In many classical and folk dance forms, male performers played female roles, as women were often restricted from public performances. This tradition was particularly seen in Kathakali and Yakshagana, where detailed makeup, costumes and expressive gestures helped in female characterization. With evolving social perspectives, women gradually entered the dance world, leading to more gender-inclusive performances. Today, both men and women freely express themselves in dance, breaking rigid gender barriers and preserving artistic authenticity.