Implementation of Stalin’s collectivization programme:
(a) The peasants were forced to cultivate in collective farms (kolkhoz) from 1929.
(b) The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms.
(c) Peasants worked on the land, and the kolkhoz profit was shared.
(d) Enraged peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock. The number of cattle fell by one-third between 1929 and 1931.
(e) Those who resisted were severely punished. Many of them were deported and exiled.
 

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