When the outermost shell of an atom is close to being full, valency is determined by subtracting the number of electrons needed to complete the octet from eight.
How is valency determined when an atom’s outermost shell is close to its full capacity?
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When an atom’s outermost shell is close to being full, its valency is determined by the number of electrons needed to either gain or lose to achieve a complete octet or duet configuration, depending on the specific circumstances and chemical bonding tendencies.