Food is broken down into simpler substances during digestion through processes such as mechanical chewing and enzymatic reactions in the stomach and intestines.
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Digestion is a complex process involving mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. It begins in the mouth, where teeth grind and mix food with saliva containing enzymes. The partially digested food, or bolus, moves to the stomach, where gastric juices further break down proteins and fats. In the small intestine, pancreatic enzymes and bile aid in digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, releasing nutrients. Absorption occurs in the small intestine’s walls, and undigested material moves to the large intestine for water absorption. Finally, waste forms and is eliminated. This orchestrated process ensures nutrients are extracted, facilitating their absorption into the bloodstream for energy and bodily functions.