Baking soda, or sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3), is primarily produced through the Solvay process. In this method, a solution of sodium chloride (table salt) reacts with ammonia and carbon dioxide under controlled conditions. The resulting sodium hydrogencarbonate precipitates out of the solution and is then filtered, washed, and dried to produce the final product, baking soda, which is widely used in cooking and various household applications.