How does the lanthanoid contraction affect the density of elements in the transition series from titanium (Z = 22) to copper (Z = 29)?

The lanthanoid contraction results in a decrease in metallic radius and an increase in atomic mass, contributing to a general increase in the density of elements in the transition series from titanium (Z = 22) to copper (Z = 29). The imperfect shielding of 4f electrons and their less effective shielding compared to d electrons lead to a regular decrease in the size of the entire 4f orbitals. This phenomenon offsets the expected increase in atomic size with increasing atomic number, resulting in a denser arrangement of elements. The lanthanoid contraction plays a crucial role in influencing the overall density of these transition elements.