Organic farming utilizes cultural practices like mixed cropping, intercropping, and crop rotation, which create a diverse and resilient ecosystem that naturally controls pests and diseases while promoting soil fertility.
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Organic farming controls pests and diseases through various methods such as crop rotation, companion planting, use of bio-agents (like beneficial insects and microbes), physical barriers, and organic pesticides derived from natural sources. These methods promote ecological balance, resilience, and reduced reliance on synthetic chemicals, ensuring healthier crops and ecosystems.