Lateral meristems contribute to the growth of plant stems and roots through secondary growth, increasing the girth or thickness of these structures. The two main types of lateral meristems are vascular cambium and cork cambium. The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and phloem, adding layers to the stem’s interior. This results in increased structural support and efficient water and nutrient transport. Cork cambium produces cork cells, forming the protective outer bark of the stem. Together, these lateral meristems contribute to the development of woody tissues, enhancing the overall strength and resilience of plant stems and roots, a process vital for perennial plants and trees.