NCERT Solution for Class 10 Science Chapter 7
Control and Coordination
NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
CBSE Board and UP Board
Intext Questions
Page No-125
Questions No-1
How does chemical coordination take place in animals?
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Chemical coordination takes place in animals with the help of hormones. Hormone is the chemical messenger that regulates the physiological processes in living organisms. It is secreted by glands. The regulation of physiological processes and control and coordination by hormones comes under the endocrine system. The nervous system along with the endocrine system in our body controls and coordinates the physiological processes.
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The chemical coordination in animals takes place by the action of chemical called hormones. They are produced in certain glands in body in very small amount and poured directly in the blood. They are target based means works on particular organs and these organs are called target organs. The hormones control and coordinate various functions of the body such as development, growth, sexual changes etc.
Chemical coordination in animals takes place through the hormones secreted by the endocrine glands. Coordination in animals takes place through hormone system as well as nervous system which is called endocrine system. Endocrine glands secrete animal hormones directly into the blood that reach to the specific cells. Special type of molecules are present on the surface of cells to detect these hormones. These cells act according to the information that a particular hormone carries.
Chemical coordination in animals takes place through hormones. There are several endocrine glands which secrete various kinds of hormones. These hormones regulate different functions in the body. For example; insulin is a hormone which regulates the blood sugar level.
Chemical coordination in animals is brought about by hormones. These are secreted by endocrine glands. These hormones are directly poured into the blood via which they reach the target tissue or organ to act.
Chemical coordination in animals is primarily regulated by the endocrine system, which consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. These hormones act as chemical messengers, influencing the activities of target cells or organs throughout the body. The endocrine system works in conjunction with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis and regulate various physiological processes.
1. Endocrine Glands:
» Hormone-Producing Glands: Specialized glands, such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads (ovaries and testes), produce hormones. These hormones are chemical substances that regulate specific functions in the body.
2. Hormone Secretion:
» Release into the Bloodstream: Hormones are released directly into the bloodstream by endocrine glands. The bloodstream serves as a transportation system, allowing hormones to reach target cells or organs throughout the body.
3. Target Cells and Receptors:
» Specificity: Each hormone has specific target cells or organs that have receptors for that particular hormone. Only cells with the appropriate receptors respond to a particular hormone.
4. Hormone-Receptor Interaction:
» Binding: Once a hormone reaches its target cells, it binds to specific receptors on the surface of the cell or within the cell. This binding initiates a series of biochemical reactions within the target cell.
5. Cellular Response:
» Cellular Changes: The binding of a hormone to its receptor triggers various cellular responses. These responses may include changes in gene expression, alterations in cell membrane permeability, activation of enzymes, or other intracellular processes.
6. Feedback Mechanisms:
» Negative Feedback: The endocrine system often operates through negative feedback mechanisms. When the concentration of a particular hormone reaches a certain level, it may inhibit the further release of that hormone. This helps maintain a balance and prevent overstimulation.
7. Coordination and Regulation:
» Integration with Nervous System: The endocrine system works in coordination with the nervous system to regulate and coordinate physiological processes. While the nervous system acts rapidly through nerve impulses, the endocrine system provides a slower but more prolonged and widespread form of communication.
Examples of hormones and their functions include insulin (regulates blood sugar levels), thyroid hormones (regulate metabolism), cortisol (involved in stress response), and reproductive hormones (control sexual development and reproduction).
Overall, the endocrine system plays a crucial role in maintaining the internal environment of the body and ensuring the proper functioning of various physiological processes.