How do we infer motion in situations where it’s not directly observable?

We can infer motion in situations where it’s not directly observable by observing changes in the object’s position over time, analyzing its surroundings for indicators of motion such as displacement of objects, or using instruments like sensors to detect movement indirectly through changes in variables like velocity or acceleration. Additionally, we can rely on theoretical models or mathematical calculations to predict motion based on known factors such as forces acting on the object.