Proteins control characteristics by influencing cellular processes. For example, in the context of plant height, proteins, including enzymes, can regulate the production of plant hormones. The amount of these hormones, in turn, affects the growth and height of the plant.
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Proteins control characteristics in organisms by serving as key regulators of biological processes. Genes, the instructions encoded in DNA, determine the sequence of amino acids in proteins. These proteins, in turn, play various roles in cellular functions. Enzymes, a type of protein, govern biochemical reactions essential for metabolism. Structural proteins shape cell and tissue architecture. Signaling proteins regulate communication between cells, influencing development and responses to stimuli. Receptor proteins on cell surfaces receive signals, initiating specific responses. Thus, the diverse functions of proteins, directed by genetic information, orchestrate the physiological and behavioral characteristics of organisms, influencing their growth, development, and overall functionality.