Plants acquire macro-nutrients primarily from soil, where they absorb them through their roots as dissolved ions in water. Micro-nutrients are also obtained from the soil, albeit in smaller quantities. Additionally, plants obtain carbon from carbon dioxide in the air during photosynthesis, while hydrogen is derived from water absorbed through the roots.
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Plants acquire macro-nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, from the soil through their roots via active or passive transport mechanisms. They obtain micro-nutrients, like iron and zinc, through similar processes. These nutrients dissolve in soil water and are absorbed by root hairs, then transported through the plant’s vascular system to various tissues where they are utilized for growth and metabolism.