How do heterotrophic organisms obtain the energy and materials they need?

Heterotrophic organisms obtain energy and materials by consuming other organic matter. They are unable to produce their own food through photosynthesis, relying on external sources for nutrition. Ingesting plants, animals, or other organisms, heterotrophs break down complex organic compounds through digestion. Enzymes help convert these compounds into simpler molecules, releasing energy in the process. The energy is then utilized for metabolic activities and cellular functions. Heterotrophs play vital roles in ecosystems by participating in food webs, obtaining nutrients from other living or once-living organisms, and contributing to the cycling of organic matter in the environment.