Diamagnetic substances are repelled, while paramagnetic substances are attracted by an applied magnetic field. Ferromagnetism, an extreme form of paramagnetism, is characterized by very strong attraction to the magnetic field.
How do diamagnetic and paramagnetic behaviors differ when a magnetic field is applied, and what distinguishes ferromagnetic substances from paramagnetic ones?
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Diamagnetic substances, repelled by magnetic fields, exhibit weak, temporary induced magnetism in the opposite direction. Paramagnetic materials, weakly attracted to magnets, display temporary magnetization aligned with the field. Ferromagnetic substances, unlike paramagnetics, retain strong, spontaneous magnetization even after the field is removed due to aligned atomic magnetic moments. This persistent magnetization, arising from aligned domains, is a key distinction from the temporary effects observed in paramagnetic materials.