Bacteria in the mouth metabolize sugars and food remnants, producing acids as byproducts. These acids lower the pH in the mouth, creating an environment conducive to enamel erosion and the onset of tooth decay.
How do bacteria contribute to the development of tooth decay, and what metabolic process leads to the production of acids in the mouth?
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Bacteria contribute to tooth decay by metabolizing sugars from food, producing acids as byproducts. Specifically, the bacteria in the oral microbiota, like Streptococcus mutans, ferment sugars to produce lactic acid through a process called glycolysis. This acid production lowers the pH in the mouth, leading to the demineralization of tooth enamel. Repeated exposure to acidic conditions weakens the enamel, creating an environment conducive to the formation of cavities. Maintaining good oral hygiene practices, limiting sugary foods, and regular dental check-ups help mitigate the impact of acid-producing bacteria and reduce the risk of tooth decay.