Notes in the lower octave (mandra saptak) are represented by a dot below the note, like Ṇ. This notation indicates that the note is played or sung at a lower pitch than the middle octave.
Class 6 NCERT Arts Chapter 8 Taal or Talam and Raga or Ragam in Indian Music solutions
Class 6 Visual Arts Textbook chapter 8 Taal or Talam and Raga or Ragam in Indian Music question answer
In Indian classical music, the lower octave (mandra saptak) refers to notes sung or played at a lower pitch than the middle octave (madhya saptak). These notes are represented with a dot below the letter, such as Ṇ for nishad. This system helps differentiate lower-pitched sounds from middle and higher octave notes in written compositions. Mandra saptak notes are typically used for deep, resonant tones, especially in dhrupad and slow-tempo compositions.