IUPAC names of aldehydes and ketones are derived from alkanes by replacing “-e” with “-al” and “-one,” respectively. The longest carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehyde or ketone carbon, and substituents are prefixed alphabetically with position numbers.
How are IUPAC names of aldehydes and ketones derived from the corresponding alkanes, and what changes are made to the alkane names?
Share
IUPAC names of aldehydes and ketones are derived from the corresponding alkanes by replacing the “-e” ending of the alkane with “-al” for aldehydes and “-one” for ketones. In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is assigned the lowest possible number, and the suffix “-al” is added to the root alkane name. For ketones, the carbonyl group is located within the carbon chain, and the suffix “-one” replaces the “-e” ending of the alkane name. Additionally, numerical prefixes (such as di-, tri-, etc.) indicate the position of the carbonyl group if needed. These IUPAC rules provide a systematic and unambiguous way to name aldehydes and ketones.