Give any two ways in which biodegradable substances would affect the environment.

While biodegradable substances are generally considered more environmentally friendly than non-biodegradable ones, they can still have both positive and negative effects on the environment. Here are two ways in which biodegradable substances can affect the environment:

1. Positive Impact on Soil Fertility:

Decomposition and Nutrient Release: Biodegradable substances, such as organic matter from plant and animal sources, contribute to the formation of humus in the soil as they decompose. Humus improves soil structure, water retention, and nutrient content. The decomposition process releases essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, enhancing soil fertility and supporting plant growth.

2. Negative Impact on Water Quality:

Leachate Production: Some biodegradable materials, especially in large quantities, can contribute to water pollution. For example, when organic waste such as food scraps or yard waste decomposes in landfills, it can generate liquid runoff known as leachate. Leachate may contain dissolved organic compounds, nutrients, and other contaminants that can seep into the soil and potentially contaminate groundwater or nearby surface water. Proper waste management practices, such as composting and controlled landfill conditions, can help mitigate this impact.
It’s important to note that the environmental impact of biodegradable substances can vary depending on factors such as the type and quantity of the material, the disposal method, and the local environmental conditions. Overall, promoting responsible waste management practices, including composting and recycling, can help maximize the positive effects of biodegradable substances on the environment while minimizing potential negative impacts.