NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 2
Social Science Class 10 Economics
Sectors of the Indian Economy 2
Important NCERT Questions Based on new NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
Questions No: 20
Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.
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1. Public Education:
– Activity: Government-operated schools providing education.
– Reason: Ensuring every child has access to education regardless of their family’s financial situation. Education is considered essential for a nation’s progress.
2. Healthcare Services:
– Activity: Government-run hospitals and clinics offering medical care.
– Reason: Providing healthcare to all citizens, especially those who cannot afford private healthcare. Ensuring basic health services are accessible to everyone.
3. Infrastructure Development:
– Activity: Construction of roads, bridges, and public transport systems.
– Reason: To improve connectivity, facilitate travel, and boost economic development by investing in basic infrastructure.
4. Law Enforcement and Judiciary:
– Activity: Police services, courts, and legal systems.
– Reason: Maintaining law and order, ensuring justice, and protecting citizens’ rights within society.
5. Social Welfare Programs:
– Activity: Providing assistance like food subsidies, unemployment benefits, and housing schemes.
– Reason: Supporting disadvantaged groups, ensuring a safety net for those in need, and reducing social disparities.
6. Environmental Protection:
– Activity: Implementing regulations and programs to protect the environment.
– Reason: Preserving natural resources, reducing pollution, and ensuring sustainable development for future generations.
These activities are undertaken by the government to serve the public interest, address societal needs, and promote the well-being of citizens.
(a) Some of the public sector activities are as given below : (i) Railways
(ii) Postal services
(iii) Irrigation facilities
(iv) Roads
(v) Construction of harbours and dams
(b) The government takes up the public sector activities clue to following reasons:
(i) The modern state is a welfare state which looks after the interest. Of the people. The government raises money through taxes and other ways and spends on public sector activities for the welfare of the people.
(ii) The expenditure on the activities such as railways or postal services is very huge and cannot be incurred by private sector. It is beyond their capacity”. So the government takes up these activities.
(iii) The government takes up these activities to provide facilities to the people at a nominal cost or without any profit.
(iv) The government takes up some activities like education because it is the primary responsibility of the state to remove illiteracy in the country.
(v) In modern age the governments need to pay attention to aspects of human development such as availability of safe drinking water, housing facilities for the poor and food and nutrition.
(vi) It is also the duty of the government to take care of the poorest of the poor and most Ignored regions of the country through increased spending in such areas.
A few examples of public sector activities are the provision of water, electricity and some modes of transport, especially railway. The government controls these provisions because water and power are basic necessities and are needed by everyone. If the work of providing electricity and water is handed over to private enterprises, they might exploit this opportunity and sell these at rates which the masses cannot afford. Therefore, to ensure that basic amenities like water and power are available for all, the government supplies these at low and affordable rates.
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