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Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another. What are the advantages to the environment of this continuous movement?
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(i) Nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another to earn their living. (ii) Advantages to the environment of their continuous movement are as follows : (o) The continuous movement allows the pastures to recover; it prevents their overuse. For example, Dhangar flocks of Maharashtra moved toward Konkan area manured the fields and fed on the stubble.
(6) In recent years nomads have been migrating to Haryana where sheep can graze on agricultural fields aft’er the harvests are cut. This is the time that the fields need manure that the animals provide. Environmentalists have recognised that pastoral nomadism is a form of life that is perfectly suited to many hilly and dry regions of the world.
Reasons for Nomadic Tribes’ Movement:
1. Resource Accessibility: Nomadic tribes move to access seasonal resources like water, pasturelands, and food necessary for survival.
2. Livelihood and Grazing: Pastoralist tribes migrate to provide fresh grazing areas for their livestock, preventing overgrazing and ensuring nutritious fodder.
3. Climate Variability: Movement is influenced by changing climates, seeking favorable conditions and avoiding harsh weather.
4. Cultural Traditions: Nomadic lifestyles are tied to cultural practices and social structures, motivating continuous movement to maintain their heritage.
Advantages of Nomadic Movement for the Environment:
1. Reduced Environmental Degradation: Prevents overgrazing, allowing pastures to regenerate and maintaining ecological balance.
2. Biodiversity Conservation: Mobility prevents depletion of plant species, fostering diverse habitats and preserving biodiversity.
3. Sustainable Resource Use: Cyclical movement supports resource replenishment, ensuring sustainable use and minimizing stress on ecosystems.
4. Adaptation to Changing Conditions: Allows adaptation to climatic shifts, aiding in livelihood sustenance while minimizing environmental harm.
Nomadic tribes’ continuous movement ensures resource access, sustains cultural traditions, and offers environmental benefits by conserving biodiversity, supporting sustainable resource management, and aiding in adapting to changing conditions, contributing positively to ecosystem health.