The decreasing tendency in E⁰ values for M²⁺/M reflects a trend towards less negative values across the transition metal series, which is associated with the increase in the sum of the first and second ionization enthalpies.
Explain the trend observed in E⁰ values for M²⁺/M across the transition metal series and its correlation with the sum of the first and second ionization enthalpies.
Share
The trend observed in E⁰ values for M²⁺/M across the transition metal series reflects a decreasing tendency to form divalent cations. This trend correlates with the increase in the sum of the first and second ionization enthalpies. As you move across the series, the sum of the first and second ionization enthalpies generally increases due to higher nuclear charges. This results in a less negative E⁰ value, indicating a decreased tendency to form M²⁺ ions. The correlation emphasizes that the energetics of ionization processes play a crucial role in determining the tendency of transition metals to adopt a +2 oxidation state in their compounds.