Explain the meanings of malleable and ductile.

“Malleable” and “ductile” are terms used to describe the mechanical properties of materials, especially metals.

1. Malleable:

» Meaning: Malleability is the property of a material that allows it to deform under compressive stress, specifically by hammering or rolling, without breaking or cracking.

» Explanation: A material that is malleable can be easily shaped or flattened by applying compressive force, typically through processes like hammering or rolling. Malleability is a desirable property for metals that need to be formed into thin sheets or various shapes without fracturing. Gold and aluminum are examples of metals known for their high malleability.

2. Ductile:

» Meaning: Ductility is the property of a material that allows it to undergo significant deformation before rupture or fracture occurs. It is the ability of a material to stretch or elongate under tensile stress.

» Explanation: A material that is ductile can be drawn out into thin wires or threads without breaking. Ductility is essential for materials that need to be stretched or pulled, such as in the production of wires or cables. Common examples of ductile metals include copper and silver. When a metal is ductile, it means it can be easily drawn into thin wires without losing its integrity.

In summary, malleability refers to the ability of a material to deform under compressive stress, allowing it to be shaped or flattened, while ductility refers to the ability of a material to deform under tensile stress, allowing it to be stretched into wires or threads. Both properties are important in various applications, especially in the manufacturing of metal products and structures.