The basic strength of alkyl amines in aqueous solution is influenced by the interplay of inductive effect, solvation effect, and steric hindrance of the alkyl group. This interplay determines the subtle changes in the order of basic strength, especially with methyl and ethyl substituted amines.
Explain the interplay of inductive effect, solvation effect, and steric hindrance in determining the basic strength of alkyl amines in aqueous solution.
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The basic strength of alkyl amines in aqueous solution is influenced by the interplay of inductive effect, solvation effect, and steric hindrance. The inductive effect of alkyl groups stabilizes the positive charge on the nitrogen, enhancing basicity. Solvation effect involves the interaction of the amine with water molecules, impacting its basic strength. Small alkyl groups facilitate solvation, reinforcing basicity. Steric hindrance, caused by larger alkyl groups, hinders solvation and reduces basicity. Hence, the overall basic strength is a balance of these factors, with inductive effect and solvation promoting basicity, while steric hindrance diminishes it.