Explain the factors which prompted the Samins to revolt against the Dutch.

(i) The nineteenth century was a turning point in forest management and the forms of state control over teak and non-teak forest of Java.

(ii) It was time when the bureaucrats of the colonial Forest Service drew boundaries between the forest and agricultural land on maps and in the field and established police to restrict people’s acess to trees and other forest products

(iii) The ideology of “scientific” forestry was being imposed by the colonial state and it’s foresters on the local people who were the real owners of these forests.

(iv) With the arrival of outsiders the activities of the local people were declared illegal. To exploit the forest the colonial powers started constructing roads and railways.