Harappan civilization declined due to climate shifts, reduced rainfall, and the Sarasvati River drying up, leading to agricultural challenges. These environmental factors prompted urban abandonment, forcing a return to rural life without conflict or invasion.
Class 6 NCERT Social Science Tapestry of the Past Chapter 6 The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation
class 6 Social Science Textbook Chapter 6 question answer
The decline of the Harappan civilization, around 1900 BCE, is attributed to several factors, primarily environmental changes. A major factor was climate change, leading to reduced rainfall and drier conditions, which made agriculture difficult and decreased food production for city populations. Additionally, the drying up of the Sarasvati River impacted settlements along its banks, prompting residents to abandon urban centers. There is no evidence of warfare or invasions, suggesting a peaceful decline. This shift back to rural life highlights the civilization’s reliance on natural resources, and the environmental changes likely disrupted their complex urban society and trade networks.
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