NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 3
Social Science Class 10 History
The Making of a Global World 3
Important NCERT Questions Based on new NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
Questions No: 2
Explain how the global transfer of disease in the pre-modern world helped in the colonisation of the Americas.
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The global transfer of disease in the pre-modern world helped in the colonisation of the Americas because the Native American Indians were not immune to the diseases that the settlers and colonisers brought with them. The Europeans were more or less immune to small pox, but the Native Americans, having been cut off from the rest of the world for millions of years, had no defence against it. These germs killed and wiped out whole communities, paving the way for foreign domination. Weapons and soldiers could be destroyed or captured, but diseases could not be fought against.
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The colonisation of Americas took place in the mid-sixteenth century. It was, however, not due to superior military strength of the Spanish conquerors. It was primarily due to the global transfer of disease that helped in the colonisation of the Americas. The spaniards carried on their person, the germs such as those of small-pox into the Americas. The local inhabitants had no immunity against these diseases due to their long isolation. It resulted in spread of these diseases in the continent. Small-pox in particular killed and decimated many communities and paved the way for conquest and colonisation of the Americas.
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The transfer of diseases like smallpox and measles from Europe to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange proved devastating for indigenous populations. Lacking immunity, these diseases caused widespread epidemics, reducing native numbers by up to 90%. This weakened societies, making it easier for European colonizers to conquer and establish dominance over the Americas.