Endoscopy, the technique used to investigate the stomach or other internal organs of the body, is based on

Endoscopy, used to examine the stomach or other internal organs, is based on the phenomenon of total internal reflection (Option A). In this technique, flexible optical fibers are used to transmit light into the body. When light enters these fibers at a certain angle, it undergoes total internal reflection, which means the light is reflected completely within the core of the fiber without escaping. This property allows the light to travel long distances through the fiber with minimal loss, providing clear illumination of internal structures. The light is then captured and transmitted back through the fibers, enabling the visualization of internal organs on a screen. This minimally invasive method allows doctors to diagnose and sometimes treat conditions within the body, offering a significant advantage over more invasive surgical techniques. Total internal reflection is essential for the effectiveness and clarity of the images obtained during endoscopic procedures.