During whose reign did the rebellion of the plain nobles take place, culminating in the establishment of the Bahmani kingdom in 1347 AD?
The Bahmani breakaway in the Deccan (forming in 1347) resulted from grievances by nobles and local leaders during the dislocations of Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign — his policies and administrative experiments contributed to rebellions that opened the way for the Bahmani state. Answer: (C) Muhammad bin Tughlaq
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The mid-14th century saw the fragmentation of Tughlaq authority in the Deccan. Discontent among local nobles, administrative pressures from Delhi and Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s disruptive policies (including heavy taxation and administrative moves) led to uprisings of the plain nobles and regional elites. This milieu enabled the founding of the Bahmani Sultanate (1347) in the Deccan — a major independent polity that emerged as central control from Delhi weakened significantly during and after Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s troubled reign.