Mongol incursions into northwestern India occurred during Iltutmish’s period (early 13th century). The Mongol advance under Genghis Khan’s generals threatened the northwestern frontiers, compelling Iltutmish to strengthen frontier defenses and manage refugee flows. Although Genghis Khan’s main thrust bypassed deep Indian penetration, the Mongol threat profoundly affected Sultanate policy. ANSWER: (B) Iltutmish
During whose reign did the Mongols under Genghis Khan invade India? (A) Balban (B) Iltutmish (C) Firoz Tughlaq (D) Muhammad bin Tughlaq
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ANSWER: (B) Iltutmish. In the early 13th century the expansion of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan and his lieutenants created serious threats along the northwestern approaches to India. These incursions coincided with or came just before Iltutmish’s reign, prompting him to reinforce frontier defenses and carefully manage relations with Central Asian powers and refugees. While the Mongols did not establish long-term dominion in the Indian plains at that stage, their raids and the fear of further invasions influenced Iltutmish’s military and diplomatic priorities, making frontier security a central concern for the early Delhi Sultanate.