During Alauddin Khilji’s reign, India faced repeated Mongol attacks from the Chagatai Khanate. These invasions were part of the Mongol expansion that had already overrun much of Asia. Alauddin responded with strong military reforms, including a permanent standing army, fixed salaries, and detailed troop records. He fortified frontier towns such as Siri and strengthened defenses along the Indus. Major Mongol generals like Qutlugh Khwaja and Targhi attempted large-scale invasions, but Alauddin’s forces defeated them repeatedly. His success prevented India from suffering the devastating conquests the Mongols inflicted elsewhere. This stability enabled Alauddin to focus on southern campaigns later.