Life became more challenging because farming demanded continuous intensive physical labor and created heavy dependence on unpredictable seasonal weather, replacing the dietary flexibility and mobility of earlier nomadic hunter-gatherer communities.
Do you think life became easier or more challenging after humans started farming? Give two reasons for your answer.
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(i) Heavy physical labor: Farmers had to clear thick forests, till hard soil, weed fields, channel irrigation water, harvest crops and guard stored grains daily against pests. (ii) Environmental vulnerability: Unlike nomadic foragers who migrated when resources grew scarce, early agriculturalists depended heavily on fixed seasonal rains and faced starvation whenever droughts, floods or crop diseases destroyed harvests.
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