Differentiate the following and give examples of each: (a) Innate and acquired immunity (b) Active and passive immunity

(a) Innate and acquired immunity:-
Innate immunity:-
1. It is a non−pathogen specific type of defense mechanism.
2. It is inherited from parents and protects the individual since birth.
3. It operates by providing barriers against the entry of foreign infectious agents.
4. It does not have a specific memory.
Acquired immunity:-
1. It is a pathogen specific type of defense mechanism.
2. It is acquired after the birth of an individual.
3. It operates by producing primary and secondary responses, which are mediated by B−lymphocytes and Tlymphocytes.
4. It is characterized by an immunological memory.

(b) Active and passive immunity:-
Active immunity:-
1. It is a type of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against disease causing antigens.
2. It has a long lasting effect.
3. It is slow. It takes time in producing antibodies and giving responses.
4. Injecting microbes through vaccination inside the body is an example of active immunity.
Passive immunity:-
1. It is a type of acquired immunity in which readymade antibodies are transferred from one individual to another.
2. It does not have long lasting effect.
3. It is fast. It provides immediate relief.
4. Transfer of antibodies present in the mother’s milk to the infant is an example of passive immunity.

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