Describe the synthesis of carboxylic acids from Grignard reagents, and what salts are initially formed before acidification yields the carboxylic acids?

Carboxylic acids can be synthesized from Grignard reagents by reacting the Grignard reagent (RMgX) with carbon dioxide (CO₂). The Grignard reagent acts as a nucleophile attacking the electrophilic carbon in CO₂, forming a carboxylate salt (RMgOCO₂⁻). Upon acidification, typically with hydrochloric acid (HCl), the carboxylate salt is protonated, resulting in the release of the carboxylic acid. This method allows the direct conversion of Grignard reagents, organomagnesium compounds, into carboxylic acids, providing a versatile and widely used synthetic route in organic chemistry.