Chromosomes, composed of proteins and nucleic acids, carry hereditary traits. Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, function as long chain polymers of nucleotides, playing a crucial role in transmitting inherent characteristics across generations.
Describe the role of chromosomes and nucleic acids in heredity, specifying the types of nucleic acids.
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Chromosomes, composed of DNA and proteins, are carriers of genetic information in cells. DNA, a type of nucleic acid, serves as the hereditary material in organisms. There are two main types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA, located in the cell nucleus, contains the genetic instructions for protein synthesis and cellular functions. RNA, present in the nucleus and cytoplasm, assists in protein synthesis by transmitting genetic information from DNA to ribosomes. Through processes like replication, transcription, and translation, chromosomes and nucleic acids play pivotal roles in passing and expressing genetic traits in heredity.